AnaphylaxisAnaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction, which can put lives at risk, which occurs within minutes of exposure to an allergy-causing substance (allergen). Also called anaphylactic shock.

Faced with a severe allergic reaction, the body’s immune system responds to the presence of an allergen by releasing histamine and other chemicals in the body. These chemicals cause the symptoms of allergies, which are usually mild, such as runny nose in the case of hay fever (allergic rhinitis) or skin rash caused by poison ivy.

However, in some cases, symptoms may be more severe and involve the entire body. Anaphylaxis is the most severe allergic reaction. In the case of anaphylaxis, these chemicals cause serious skin problems, such as hives and swelling, as well as breathing problems, such as swelling of the throat, narrowing of the lower airways and wheezing.

The chemicals also can cause blood vessels to dilate and cause significantly decreased blood pressure (shock). Anaphylaxis is a medical emergency that threatens life.

The specific allergens that cause anaphylaxis may be different for each patient, often the causes may be:

* Food, especially eggs, shellfish, nuts, cereals, milk and peanuts
* Medication: The most common are penicillin or cefalospirina
* Bites of insects: bees, wasps, hornets and fire ants
* Injectable anesthetics: procaine, lidocaine
* Contrasts: X-rays used in CT
* Industrial chemicals: latex or rubber products used by health workers
* Allergy shots (immunotherapy)

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