Currently, anyone with fever over 38 º C and acute respiratory infection symptoms could be infected by the new influenza virus A/H1N1, officially declared pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) since last month June.

How to distinguish?
Both WHO and the Ministry of Health on their websites give information about the symptoms of both infections and the mode of transmission. And it turns out are quite similar, so the final confirmation on whether it is over and will give the laboratory.

However, certain differences do exist. For example, the fever rises faster and is higher among those affected by avian influenza A that common. And nasal congestion, seasonal influenza itself, is very rare in the case of new infection.

According to the family doctor and emergency room chief at the University Clinic of Navarra, José Javier Varo, the main difference between them is that the H1N1 flu presents “a more mild and short” than seasonal, which extends longer.

Given the present situation, this expert states that when a patient arrives with a high fever and respiratory infection could be considered a suspected case of influenza A and influenza and treated with antipyretics. But treatment with antiviral drugs like Tamiflu and Relenza, set against a new pandemic, is administered to risk groups to avoid complications.

And in any case, it is advisable to rest, drink fluids abundantly and avoid alcohol or snuff.

Preventive measures
Besides the drugs and the measures taken by health authorities, citizens can also do their part to try to prevent the new virus infections. A new study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine said that the use of masks and good hand hygiene in the home might prevent the spread to other family members, provided they are carried out immediately after one notice symptoms.

The research, conducted with 407 patients in Hong Kong, confirms that these strategies are effective if they are started within the first 36 hours when the patient develops symptoms. If it takes longer and is more difficult to prevent virus transmission.

Also, other measures recommended by the Ministries of Health, for the common cold to influenza A, including maintain their distance from the affected and non-greet with kisses or not shaking hands, not sharing cups or eating utensils, ventilate the room patient and keep warm when you notice sudden changes in temperature

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Disease Signs

The nose is tight and flows. Sore throat, pressure over sinuses and discomfort in the ears often simultaneously.

Treatment

Nose drops or nasal spray against common cold may be helpful (for example Iliadin, Rhinox, NASO, Nazarene, Otrivin, Xolin, Zymelin). They contain substances that pulls together the blood vessels – and thus the mucous membranes. It makes the nose less dense and improves air flow and drainage of secretions. It is possible that nasal drops also may prevent sinus and ear infections. Nose Drops and nasal sprays should not be used more than 10 days. The gap between the treatments should be at least 2 weeks. Nose drops should be used with caution by pregnant women and people with high blood pressure, clogged arteries in the heart or too high metabolic (hyperthyroidism).

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The free running, which is the basis of the running, athletics, and sports like football or basketball, is the activity which can produce bronchospasm. As there is usually a refractory period of 2 to 4 hours’ duration in the exercise-induced asthma during which no bronchospasm occurs again, however much they continue to exercise, so running causes an intense and continuous more bronchospasm that perform the exercise intermittently.

Activities that cause exercise-induced asthma. In order of severity are:

• Free Race
• Career treadmill
• Cycling
• Swimming

In addition, sports like swimming in warm pool (hot and humid air), gymnastics, walking, golf, hiking and biking on level ground are much less asmógenos. The tennis and ball games, but require much free running, usually take the form of intermittent heavy exertion, so are also good, like the martial arts (judo, karate, taekwondo), fencing, etc..

The deep diving with compressed air cylinders is not an activity recommended by the pressure changes involved, and unable to cope with an asthma attack at a certain depth: In the midst of a crisis of dyspnea, it may be very difficult to carry out maneuvers required for decompression to the surface without risking barotrauma.

The mountain sports in asthmatics (mountaineering, alpine skiing and background, etc.) only have the problem of breathing cold, dry air, which can be minimized by the use of masks or helmets.

In the Barcelona Olympics (1992) found that between 8 and 12% of competitors were asthmatics. As is well known, there are great athletes who were declared as asthma, in cycling (Alex Zülle, Miguel Indurain), athletics (Jordi Llopart, Patricia Morales), sailing (Theresa Zabell), taekwondo (Gabriel Esparza), swimming (Mark Spitz ), synchronized swimming (Beth Fernandez), judo, basketball, etc..

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Benefits of exercise in children with asthma:

• Improved child development
• Improving physical fitness and exercise tolerance itself
• The attacks caused by stress are reduced or are less strong
• The crises are best controlled
• It helps to reduce the nervousness caused by the attacks.

But keep in mind that at least 80% of children with asthma may have a bronchoconstriction with sports, unless appropriate measures are taken). However, given the benefit of sport psycho and integrator, is a great error overprotect the asthmatic child and prevent a normal level of exercise.

When we begin a physical activity for the first time we all get tired, feel fatigue and breathlessness. In the asthmatic child who has done sports before, these feelings are even stronger. Therefore, the adaptation of the child with asthma sports activity should be very gradual, so that eventually learn to distinguish between normal breathlessness by intense exercise and breathlessness by an asthma attack.

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The epiglottis is the piece of cartilage-located in the back of the tongue that closes the windpipe during swallowing. It prevents food from entering the airways, so you do not cough or choke after swallowing.

This condition inflames the cartilage, which leads to breathing problems. It is usually caused by the bacteria Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae), although it may be caused by other bacteria and viruses. Infections of the upper airway make it possible for epiglottitis. In addition, drugs and diseases that weaken the immune system become more prone to adults suffering from it.

It is more common in children between 2 and 6 years old. Rarely occurs in adults.

Epiglottitis is still a subject of attention, but decreased considerably since the vaccine against Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) became one of the routine childhood to late 80s.

Symptoms

It begins with a high fever and sore throat. Other symptoms:

* Abnormal breath sounds (stridor);

* Chills, tremors;

* Bluish skin (cyanosis);

* Drooling;

* Difficulty breathing (patient may need to sit upright and lean slightly forward to breathe);

* Difficulty swallowing;

* Voice changes (hoarseness).

It is a medical emergency, what you should seek immediate assistance. Do not use a tongue depressor to examine the throat at home, as this may make the condition worse.

Treatment

The patient was hospitalized in the intensive care unit.

It involves methods to help breathing;

* Breathing tube (intubation);

* Humidified oxygen (humidified).

Other treatments may include:

* Antibiotics;

* Anti-inflammatory (corticosteroids) for the throat;

* IV fluids;

Forecast

With proper treatment, the prognosis is good.

Possible complications

Spasms can cause abrupt closure or airway obstruction, in which case death occurs within minutes.

When contacting emergency medical

Urgent medical attention is needed in the presence of symptoms, including sudden breathing difficulties, excessive drooling, and irritability.

Prevention

The Hib vaccine protects children from epiglottitis.

The bacterial infection that causes this disease is contagious, so you should examine the family members and provide treatment if appropriate.

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