* Angina pectoris;
* Myocardial infarction.

Other cardiac disorders, there are problems such as congenital (malformations of the heart), diseases caused by inflammation of the heart muscle (pericarditis, endocarditis, etc..), A weak heart muscle (heart failure) and problems of arrhythmia or heart valves.

Major Cardiac

Angina pectoris. It is expressed by a crisis of pain which focuses on the chest. It is caused by oxygen deficiency in the heart muscle. The term “angina” comes from the Latin anger, which means “to strangle”. Angina may be stable or unstable. Rest and taking nitroglycerin, if any, relieve the symptoms.
* The stable angina pectoris. Stable angina has a predictable behavior, that is to say that the intensity of physical activity that triggers an attack of angina remains the same. For example, it appears almost always to a certain speed or walk after climbing the stairs one floor. The crisis usually lasts less than 20 minutes and leaves no sequelae.
* The unstable angina. The symptoms are similar to those of stable angina, but they occur after efforts less important and are sometimes more intense and difficult to alleviate. The unstable angina pectoris may occur even at rest.

Angina is often the result of a slow process of atherosclerosis that occurs in arteries that supply the heart muscle. This reduces the oxygen supply to tissues (for details, see box below). Other factors may be responsible, such as arrhythmia, severe anemia or heart valve problems.
The unstable angina may be a harbinger of stroke.

Myocardial infarction. It is commonly called a heart attack. Over 90% of cases, myocardial infarction occurs when a blood clot completely blocks an artery that supplies oxygenated blood to the heart.
This lack of blood causes death (called infarction in medical term) in a region of heart muscle. Such damage is permanent and irreversible if not corrected quickly blocked. The infarction may be a cause of heart failure. But if the damage to the heart is too large, this can lead to cardiac arrest and death.
According to the latest Canadian data, up to 11% of victims of a heart attack who were hospitalized died within 30 days of admission44.
The evolution of the clogging of arteries

Atherosclerosis refers to the presence of a plaque on the inner walls of arteries that impedes blood flow. It is often associated with hardening, thickening and loss of elasticity of arteries atherosclerosis.

For an artery is blocked, three phenomena must succeed.
- First, the internal wall of the artery should undergo inflammation. Various factors contribute, such as dyslipidemia (abnormal lipid levels in the blood), diabetes, smoking and hypertension.
- Then, in a clumsy attempt of the body to heal this condition, there will deposit cholesterol and other substances, including calcium, on the walls of the artery, then a hardening and narrowing of the artery.
- Finally, the deposit increase is sufficient size to block the artery (thrombosis) or a blood clot will detach, circulate in the blood vessels until it reaches an artery to the smallest size, then the clog (embolism).

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