Massagué said the SRC protein is a key power in the deadly cancer cells for years can stay dormant in other parts of the body.

The scientist, who was awarded the International Foundation Dexeux Font Santiago explained that there is now a drug on the market, which is used to treat chronic myeloid leukemia when they fail the first treatment that acts against this protein, which means that if one “removes this piece is cut supply to these latent malignant cells to live.”

These cells can remain “dormant” even years after primary tumor removal in this case in the breast. Metastasis is the cause of 99% of cancer deaths.

Although there are only initial results, Massage informed that clinical trials are being designed based on this theory and the nice thing about this is, first, the discovery of a target protein SRC and, secondly, the existence of a drug already on the market. Now it is to combine the two things to confirm the efficiency.

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* T (size), followed by a number from 0 to 4 indicates the size of the tumor, the larger the cancer, the higher the number.

* N (lymph), 0 to 3, refers to the lymph nodes are affected by the cancer cells.

* M (metastasis), followed by a 0 or 1 indicates whether the cancer has spread (1) or not (0) to other organs.

In the early stages of cancer, surgery is used to remove the tumor, but often the surgical approach is complemented by radiation therapy to kill tumor cells that have escaped the knife. If the cancer is spread in other parts of the body, is used chemotherapy or hormonal therapy. This also accommodates the administration of radiation therapy, in specific areas where they are located groups of cancer cells.

* Surgery. The type of surgery depends on the extent of the tumor. If the size of the tumor allows the surgeon to perform a lumpectomy, which involves removing part of the breast tissue. With a mastectomy, however, the breast is removed completely. Both interventions may require the elimination of the nearest lymph nodes (located in the armpit).

* Radiation therapy. It is a local treatment, like surgery. In fact, sometimes radiation therapy after surgery to kill cancer cells that have not been removed. Radiation therapy is a high concentration of X-rays directed at a specific point. Applying this treatment after removal of cancer, doctors are sure to completely eradicate the tumor.

* Chemotherapy. Along with hormonal therapy are the most used treatments for breast cancer. Hormonal treatments seek to stop the progression of cancer by altering levels of female hormones. In contrast, chemotherapy eradicates cancer cells, destroying them.

* Hormone therapy:

- Tamoxifen: hormonal treatment used most commonly in breast cancer. This drug prevents the release of estrogen, so that the cells affected by cancer do not continue to spread.

- Toremifene: like tamoxifen, is an estrogen receptor modulator and seems to have shown efficacy in the treatment of certain types of breast cancer.

- Progesterone: These hormones are produced naturally in the body of women, but their artificial derivatives can be useful in certain breast tumors.

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It can detect when cancer is still very small, even two years before the patient, not even the most experienced doctor can feel a lump or hardening.

Almost 90% of women who were cancer detected early, when it still has not spread to other body parts, and given immediate treatment, survive.

The level of radiation from the test is very low and the risk is almost nonexistent because of it. If the patient is pregnant and for some reason needs to be evaluated, protect the abdominal area with a lead apron to not affect pregnancy.

Mammography should be performed:

1 .- If you are between 35 and 40: Just once, to serve as a benchmark for subsequent studies.

2 .- If you have 40 to 50: Every 2 years.

3 .- If you are over 50 years: Every year.

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Breast cancer is more common in men over 60 years. Few men know and often the diagnosis is made later than in the
women. Therefore, the cancer is usually more advanced when diagnosed and more difficult to treat.

Breast cancer also affects men but in a much smaller percentage (1%) compared to the female population suffer from it. Symptoms are similar to those of that woman, and the prognosis and treatment is the same as theirs and is explained below.

It is generally believed that breast cancer is a disease of women, but about 1 percent of these cancers are in men. Each year are diagnosed with breast cancer about 300 men. Men have a small amount of tissue behind the nipples, and even not being very great as in women, cancer can form in this area also.

The biggest problem is that there is detected a little later then, to be in a few men, you think of other diagnoses before a breast cancer.

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The cure rate in Spain is around 60%. In the case of relapse, the survival estimate is around two 2 years of life, which means that in reality there are women with short survival (less than one year) and in other cases this figure is prolonged over four years.

Relapses in patients without lymph node involvement is 30%, while for those that have affected this percentage varies depending on the number of involved nodes. If you have more than 10 nodes the relapse rate rises to 90%. Early detection, when the tumor has not extended or changed, making the cure rate rises to nearly 90%.

The American Cancer Society (ACS) estimates that each year about 190,000 new cases diagnosed of invasive breast cancer in the United States. The five-year relative survival for U.S. women with localized breast cancer is currently 97%.

Death rates from breast cancer decreased from 1992 to 1996, probably due to better diagnoses and improved treatments.

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The lobes are connected by pipes, ducts, which are the leading milk to the nipple during lactation, to feed the baby.
The glands (or lobes) and the ducts are embedded in adipose tissue and connective tissue, which, together with the lymphoid tissue, forming the breast.

As a retaining wall, pectoral muscle acts which lies between the ribs and breast. The skin covers and protects the entire breast structure.

The lymphatic system consists of containers and vessels or tubes that contain and carry the lymph, a colorless liquid consisting of white blood cells, mostly lymphocytes. These cells recognize any substance foreign to the body and release substances that destroy the offending agent.

Types of Breast Cancer

Most tumors that occur in the breast are benign, not cancerous, and are due to fibrocystic formations. The cyst is a fluid-filled sac and fibrosis is an abnormal development of connective tissue. Fibrosis does not increase the risk of developing a tumor and does not require special treatment. The cysts, if large, can be painful. Removing the fluid with a needle usually take away the pain. The presence of one or more cysts does not favor the occurrence of malignant tumors.

Benign tumors are related mostly to genetic factors. Symptoms that occur are pain and inflammation but not spread to the rest of the body and are not dangerous. In malignant tumors, there are several types depending on the location of the breast where there is abnormal growth of cells and depending on their stage.

Tumors may be localized or have spread through the blood vessels or through lymph vessels, and have led to metastasize, a cancer in an organ distant to the original. Of all cases of breast cancer, only 7-10% of them start metastases.

The breast cancers are classified as:

Ductal carcinoma in situ in the cells of the walls of the ducts. It is a very localized cancer that has not spread to other areas or has metastasized. That is why this disease ‘premalignant’ can be removed easily. The cure rate close to 100%. This type of tumor can be detected through mammography.

Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (or invasive) is the one that begins in the milk duct but manages to pass through and adipose tissue of the breast and then can spread to other parts of the body. It is the most common breast cancers, occurs in 80% of cases.

Lobular carcinoma in situ arises from the mammary glands (or lobes) and, although not a true cancer increases the risk that women can develop a tumor in the future. Usually occurs before menopause. Once detected, it is important that women have a mammogram every year and control several clinical examinations to monitor the possible development of cancer.

Infiltrating lobular carcinoma (or invasive) begins in the mammary glands but it can spread and destroy other tissues. Between 10% and 15% of breast tumors are of this type. This carcinoma is more difficult to detect through mammography.

Inflammatory carcinoma is a rare cancer, accounting for only 1% of all breast cancers. It is aggressive and fast growing. Ago breast skin reddening and increasing its temperature. The appearance of the skin becomes thick and hollow, like an orange, and can appear wrinkles and bumps. These symptoms are due to the blockade produced by cancer cells on the lymph vessels.

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