The thyroid gland
The word thyroid comes from the Greek thyreoeides, which means shield, since this gland is shaped so it seems. Leonardo da Vinci drew it as two separate glands, one on each side of the larynx, like a butterfly. The thyroid gland is a neuroendocrine, is located on the windpipe, just below the Adam’s apple, next to the thyroid cartilage. The gland weighs between 15 and 30 grams in adults, and consists of two lobes joined by the isthmus. The thyroid is controlled by the hypothalamus and pituitary.
The thyroid participates in the production of hormones, primarily thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones are primarily responsible for regulating the body’s basal metabolic rate, affecting growth and the degree of functionality of other body systems. The thyroid also synthesized the hormone calcitonin, which plays an important role in calcium homeostasis.
The most important hormone produced by the thyroid gland contains iodine, and is called thyroxine. This has two effects on the body, controls the production of energy in the body and is necessary to maintain the basal metabolic rate to normal. (more…)
It is the most common type of 