* Clinical examinations, such as blood, urine or spinal fluid;
* Neuropsychological tests to measure memory, problem solving, the degree of attention, the ability to count and dialogue;
* Tac brain to identify any possible sign of abnormality;
* These tests allow the doctor to rule out other possible causes that lead to similar symptoms, such as thyroid problems, adverse reactions to drugs, depression, brain tumors, but also diseases of the blood vessels of the brain.

As in other neurodegenerative diseases, early diagnosis is very important because it offers the possibility of treating some symptoms of the disease, both because it allows the patient to plan the future, when it is still capable of making decisions.

Drug therapies
Today unfortunately, there are no drugs that can halt and reverse the disease and all the available treatments aim to minimize the symptoms. For some patients, in whom the disease is mild or moderate stage, drugs such as tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine may help reduce the worsening of symptoms for several months. These active function as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, an enzyme that destroys acetylcholine, the neurotransmitter deficient in the brains of Alzheimer’s patients. Therefore, inhibiting this enzyme, it is hoped to keep intact the sick, the concentration of acetylcholine and thus to improve the memory. Other drugs also can help insomnia, anxiety and depression.
The development of new drugs for Alzheimer’s dementia is now a great development in the field, in research labs is working on active ingredients that help prevent, slow the disease and reduce symptoms.
Another way of active research is the one focusing on the development of an immune response against the disease trying to develop a vaccine to control production of b-amyloid (the peptide that aggregates to form plaques).

Non-pharmacological therapies
Among the various non-pharmacological therapies proposed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s dementia, the reality orientation therapy (ROT) is one for which there is more evidence of efficacy (albeit modest). This therapy is aimed at guiding the patient compared to his personal life, the environment and the space around it using constant stimuli to verbal, visual, written and musical.

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